Membrane channel

A family of biological membrane proteins which allow the passive movement of ions (ion channels), water (aquaporins) or other solutes to passively pass through the membrane down their electrochemical gradient.

References

Molecular Biology of the Cell 4th ed. Alberts, B.; Johnson, A.; Lewis, J.; Raff, M.; Roberts, K.; Walter, P. New York and London: Garland Science; c2002 See Glossary, under "membrane channels". This book is available online

Membrane transport protein: ion channels (TC 1A)

Ca²⁺: Calcium channel

Voltage-gated	L-type/Ca_vα (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4) · N-type/Ca_vα2.2 · P-type/Ca_vα(2.1) · Q-type/Ca_vα2.1 · R-type/Ca_vα2.3 · T-type/Ca_vα(3.1, 3.2, 3.3) α₂δ-subunits (1, 2) · β-subunits (β1, β2, β3, β4) · γ-subunits (γ1, γ2, γ3, γ4) Cation channels of sperm (1, 2, 3, 4) · Two-pore channel (1, 2)

Ligand-gated	Inositol trisphosphate receptor (1, 2, 3) · Ryanodine receptor (1, 2, 3)

Na⁺: Sodium channel

Constitutively active	Epithelial sodium channel (α, β, γ, δ)

Proton gated	Amiloride-sensitive cation channel (1, 2, 3, 4)

Voltage-gated	Na_vα (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 7A) · Na_vβ (1, 2, 3, 4)

K⁺: Potassium channel

Voltage-gated	K_vα1-6 (1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8) · (2.1, 2.2) · (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) · (4.1, 4.2, 4.3) · (5.1) · (6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 6.4) K_vα7-12 (7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5) · (8.1, 8.2) · (9.1, 9.2, 9.3) · (10.1, 10.2) · (11.1/hERG, 11.2, 11.3) · (12.1, 12.2, 12.3) K_vβ (1, 2, 3) · KCNIP (1, 2, 3, 4) · minK/ISK · minK/ISK-like · MiRP (1, 2, 3) · Shaker gene

Calcium-activated	BK channel (α1, β1, β2, β3, β4) · SK channel (SK1, SK2, SK3, SK4) · K_Ca (1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 3.1, 4.1, 4.2, 5.1)

Inward-rectifier	K_ATP · K_ir (1.1, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.6) · GIRK/K_ir (3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4) · K_ir (4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 6.1, 6.2, 7.1)

Tandem pore domain	K2P (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18)

Other

Cl^-: Chloride channel	ANO1 · Bestrophin (1, 2) · CFTR · CLCA (1, 2, 3, 4) · CLCN (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, KA, KB) · CLIC (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, L1) · CLNS (1A, 1B)

H⁺: Voltage-gated	HVCN1

M⁺: TRP cation channel	TRPA (1) · TRPC (1, 2, 3, 4, 4AP, 5, 6, 7) · TRPM (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8) · TRPML (1, 2, 3) · TRPN · TRPP (1, 2) · TRPV (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (FC)	α (1, 2, 3, 4) · β (1, 2, 3) · HCN (1, 2, 3, 4)

Porin	Aquaporin (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9) · Voltage-dependent anion channel (1, 2, 3) · General bacterial porin family

Gap junction	Connexin: A (GJA1, GJA3, GJA4, GJA5, GJA8, GJA9, GJA10) · B (GJB1, GJB2, GJB3, GJB4, GJB5, GJB6, GJB7) · C (GJC1, GJC2, GJC3) · D (GJD2, GJD3, GJD4)) Innexin

General	Ligand-gated ion channel · Voltage-gated ion channel · Stretch-activated ion channel

see also disorders
B memb: cead, trns (1A, 1C, 1F, 2A, 3A1, 3A2-3, 3D), othr